Guides
Web accessibility guides
Plain-English, practical articles on making your website accessible and compliant with WCAG 2.2 and the European Accessibility Act.
WordPress Accessibility: Make Your Site WCAG 2.2 AA and EAA Compliant
A practical guide to WordPress accessibility: themes, plugins, alt text, headings, common pitfalls, and what to fix first for WCAG 2.2 AA and EAA compliance.
Read guide →Shopify Accessibility: Themes, Alt Text, Checkout, and the EAA
Practical Shopify accessibility fixes for theme issues, product image alt text, and checkout — plus what the EAA means for your store after 28 June 2025.
Read guide →Wix Accessibility: How Accessible Your Site Really Is
How accessible Wix sites really are: what the built-in tools fix, where they fall short, and the manual checks every Wix site owner should run.
Read guide →Squarespace Accessibility: Where Templates Help, Where They Hurt
Where Squarespace templates help and hurt accessibility — fix alt text, headings and contrast, and get EAA-ready before the 2025 deadline.
Read guide →Webflow Accessibility: The Build Decisions and Manual Checks That Actually Matter
A hands-on Webflow accessibility guide: semantic structure, focus states, alt text, ARIA, and the manual keyboard and screen-reader checks to run.
Read guide →EAA E-commerce Compliance: Scope, Deadline, and What to Fix First
EAA e-commerce compliance is now law. See what's in scope, the 28 June 2025 deadline, and how to fix checkout, forms, and product pages first.
Read guide →EAA SaaS Compliance: Which Web Apps Are in Scope and How to Conform
A practical guide to EAA SaaS compliance: which web apps are in scope, the WCAG 2.2 AA baseline, accessible auth, status messages, and dashboards for EU sales.
Read guide →How to Write Alt Text: A Practical Guide With Good and Bad Examples
Learn how to write alt text with concrete good and bad examples for photos, charts, logos, and decorative images. A practical guide for content editors.
Read guide →How to Build Accessible Forms: A Developer's Guide
A developer's guide to accessible forms: visible labels, programmatic association, required fields, error identification and suggestion, and autocomplete.
Read guide →Keyboard Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Web Developers
A developer's guide to keyboard accessibility: focus order, visible focus, skip links, keyboard traps, accessible custom widgets, and testing.
Read guide →WCAG Color Contrast Requirements, Explained for Designers
A designer's guide to WCAG color contrast requirements: when 4.5:1 vs 3:1 applies, how ratios are calculated, plus how to test and fix failures fast.
Read guide →What a Compliant Accessibility Statement Must Include Under the EAA
What a compliant accessibility statement must include under the EAA: the standard followed, conformance status, known limitations and a feedback contact.
Read guide →ADA vs WCAG vs EAA: How US and EU Accessibility Rules Fit Together
ADA vs WCAG vs EAA explained: what each rule is, who it binds in the US and EU, and how WCAG 2.2 ties Section 508, the ADA, and EN 301 549 together.
Read guide →Small Business Website Accessibility on a Budget: What to Fix First
A practical, low-cost plan for small business website accessibility, prioritised by impact, to fix common issues fast and reduce your legal risk.
Read guide →What a Website Accessibility Audit Actually Involves
A website accessibility audit checks your site against WCAG 2.2. Learn what automated scans catch, what needs manual testing, and how to start free.
Read guide →PDF Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Organisations Publishing Documents
A practical guide to PDF accessibility: tags, reading order, alt text, headings and tables, and why the EAA and EN 301 549 cover documents too.
Read guide →React Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Developers
A practical React accessibility guide: semantic JSX, focus management on route change, accessible components, SPA pitfalls, and testing for WCAG 2.2 AA.
Read guide →Next.js Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Developers
A practical Next.js accessibility guide: the lang attribute, Metadata API titles, link focus, next/image alt text, and Server vs Client Component a11y.
Read guide →Drupal Accessibility: Core Features, Themes, Modules, and Manual WCAG 2.2 AA Checks
A practical guide to Drupal accessibility: core, Olivero and Claro themes, contrib modules, alt text, forms, and the manual checks WCAG 2.2 AA needs.
Read guide →Magento Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Adobe Commerce Stores
A practical Magento accessibility guide for Adobe Commerce store owners: theme markup, product images, faceted nav, checkout, and EAA compliance.
Read guide →BigCommerce Accessibility: Themes, Alt Text, Checkout, and EAA Readiness
A practical BigCommerce accessibility guide: accessible themes, alt text, keyboard-friendly checkout, and EAA readiness for online retail.
Read guide →EAA Banking Compliance: How the European Accessibility Act Applies to Banking and Payment Services
A practical EAA banking compliance guide: scope, WCAG 2.2 AA, accessible authentication (3.3.8), accessibility statements, and the 28 June 2025 timeline.
Read guide →EAA Travel and Hospitality Compliance: Booking Flows, Forms, and Conformance
EAA travel and hospitality compliance: which booking services are in scope, booking-flow and form priorities, and how to prove conformance.
Read guide →Healthcare Website Accessibility: Where to Focus First
Healthcare website accessibility under WCAG 2.2: the highest-risk areas (appointment forms, patient portals, PDFs) and how to prioritise fixes.
Read guide →Government Website Accessibility: The EU Directive, EN 301 549 and Your Obligations
How the EU Web Accessibility Directive applies to government sites: EN 301 549, WCAG 2.2, accessibility statements, monitoring and feedback obligations.
Read guide →Screen Reader Testing: A Practical Intro to VoiceOver and NVDA
A practical guide to screen reader testing for developers and QA: VoiceOver and NVDA commands, what to listen for, and a repeatable 15-minute routine.
Read guide →ARIA Best Practices: Use Native HTML First, ARIA Second
ARIA best practices: the first rule of ARIA, common mistakes, how roles, states, and properties work, and the cases where ARIA actually helps.
Read guide →Accessible Navigation Menus: Landmarks, Keyboard Support, and Skip Links
Build accessible navigation menus: landmarks, keyboard operability, skip links, accessible dropdown and hamburger menus, and current-page indication.
Read guide →Video Accessibility Captions: A Practical Guide for Content Teams
Make video accessible with captions, transcripts, audio description, and autoplay controls. See which WCAG criteria apply and how to comply.
Read guide →Automated vs Manual Accessibility Testing: What Each One Actually Catches
What automated accessibility tools catch, what they miss, and why manual and screen-reader testing is still required for WCAG 2.2 and the EAA.
Read guide →WCAG 2.1 vs 2.2: What Actually Changed and What Your Team Needs to Re-Test
A clear WCAG 2.1 vs 2.2 breakdown: the six new A/AA success criteria, the removal of 4.1.1 Parsing, and what teams need to re-test for the EAA.
Read guide →Accessibility Statement Examples: What a Good One Actually Contains
See accessibility statement examples with required sections, example wording, common mistakes to avoid, and how a good statement supports EAA compliance.
Read guide →WooCommerce Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Store Owners
A practical WooCommerce accessibility guide: themes, galleries, variation selectors, cart and checkout, plus EAA rules for EU sellers under WCAG 2.2 AA.
Read guide →Elementor Accessibility: Heading Widgets, Buttons, Forms, and Motion the Builder Won't Fix for You
Make Elementor pages accessible: fix heading widgets, buttons vs links, forms, and motion, plus the manual WCAG 2.2 checks the builder won't run.
Read guide →Framer Accessibility: Building Sites That Pass WCAG 2.2 AA
A practical Framer accessibility guide: semantic structure, focus order, alt text, reduced motion, and contrast to meet WCAG 2.2 AA and the EAA.
Read guide →Vue Accessibility: Building WCAG 2.2 AA Apps That Actually Work for Everyone
A practical Vue accessibility guide: semantic templates, focus on route change, accessible components, SPA pitfalls, and testing for WCAG 2.2 AA.
Read guide →Angular Accessibility: CDK a11y Utilities, Focus, and SPA Routing
A practical guide to Angular accessibility: CDK a11y utilities, focus trapping, LiveAnnouncer, accessible forms, and fixing focus on SPA route changes.
Read guide →ADA Website Compliance: What It Actually Means and How to Get There
What ADA website compliance means in practice, why WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA is the standard, where lawsuit risk comes from, and how to assess and fix your site.
Read guide →Section 508 Compliance Explained: Coverage, WCAG 2.0 AA, and How to Document Conformance
How Section 508 works: who it covers, why the baseline is WCAG 2.0 AA, and how to test and document conformance in a VPAT-based ACR agencies accept.
Read guide →AODA Compliance: What Ontario Businesses Must Do for Web Accessibility
AODA compliance for Ontario businesses: who it covers, the WCAG 2.0 AA requirement, the deadline that already passed, and practical steps to fix your site.
Read guide →The EU Web Accessibility Directive: A Practical Guide for Public-Sector Web Teams
How the EU Web Accessibility Directive (2016/2102) applies to public-sector bodies: EN 301 549 conformance, accessibility statements, and annual monitoring duties.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible Modal Dialog
Build an accessible modal dialog with the native <dialog> element: focus trapping, focus restore, Escape to close, ARIA naming, and mistakes to avoid.
Read guide →Accessible Data Tables: th, scope, caption, and Responsive Patterns
Build accessible data tables with th, scope, caption, and header associations. Code examples for responsive tables, plus why layout tables fail WCAG.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible Carousel: Pause Controls, Keyboard Operation, and WCAG 2.2.2
Build an accessible carousel that passes WCAG 2.2.2: pause and stop controls, keyboard operation, focus management, and the WCAG 2.2 rules carousels fail.
Read guide →Accessible Tabs and Accordion Patterns: ARIA, Keyboard, and Native details/summary
Build accessible tabs and accordions with the right ARIA roles, full keyboard support per the WAI-ARIA APG, and know when native details/summary wins.
Read guide →prefers-reduced-motion: Designing for Vestibular Disorders and WCAG Motion Criteria
Use prefers-reduced-motion to respect vestibular disorders, decide which animations to reduce, and meet WCAG 2.3.3 and 2.2.2. With CSS and JS examples.
Read guide →How to Build Accessible SVG Icons: Decorative vs Informative
Build accessible SVG icons: decorative vs informative, aria-hidden, role=img with title, and accessible names for icon-only buttons, with code examples.
Read guide →Designing Visible Focus Indicators That Pass WCAG 2.4.7 and 2.4.11
Design visible focus indicators that pass WCAG 2.4.7 and 2.4.11: never strip outlines without a replacement, hit 3:1 contrast, and avoid obscured focus.
Read guide →Law Firm Website Accessibility: Why the Legal Risk Is Higher for You
Why law firm website accessibility carries heightened legal risk, plus priority fixes for forms, PDFs, and navigation under WCAG 2.2 AA. Where to start.
Read guide →Restaurant Website Accessibility: Menus, Bookings, and the EAA
Make your restaurant site accessible: HTML menus, keyboard-friendly booking forms, colour contrast, and what the EAA requires from 28 June 2025.
Read guide →Education Website Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Schools and Universities
How schools and universities meet accessibility rules: accessible PDFs, video captions, LMS content, and EU/US legal duties under WCAG 2.2.
Read guide →Real Estate Website Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Agencies and Portals
Make property listings, image galleries, map filters, and contact forms accessible. A WCAG 2.2 and EAA guide for real estate agencies and portals.
Read guide →Nonprofit Website Accessibility on a Shoestring: Where to Start
A low-cost plan for nonprofit website accessibility: fix donation forms, events, and PDFs first, and prioritise high-impact WCAG 2.2 AA wins.
Read guide →How to Choose the Best Accessibility Checker for Your Team
A practical guide to picking an accessibility checker: what automated scans catch, free vs paid, scan vs monitoring, and pairing it with manual testing.
Read guide →Mobile App Accessibility Basics: Screen Readers, Touch Targets, Contrast, and Focus Order
A practical guide to mobile app accessibility: VoiceOver and TalkBack support, touch target size, contrast, focus order, and how each maps to EN 301 549.
Read guide →Accessible Email Newsletters: A Practical Guide for Marketing Teams
Build accessible email newsletters: semantic structure, alt text, colour contrast, descriptive links, and never relying on images alone.
Read guide →Joomla Accessibility: A Practical Guide to WCAG 2.2 AA and EAA Compliance
A practical Joomla accessibility guide: templates, built-in features, extensions, alt text, forms, and the WCAG 2.2 AA and EAA checks to verify.
Read guide →Ghost Accessibility: Themes, Headings, Alt Text, Links, and Contrast
A hands-on Ghost accessibility guide: pick accessible themes, fix heading structure, write alt text, improve link text, and meet WCAG 2.2 contrast.
Read guide →PrestaShop Accessibility: A Practical Guide for EU Store Owners
A practical PrestaShop accessibility guide: fix themes, product pages, faceted search, and checkout to meet WCAG 2.2 and the EAA for EU stores.
Read guide →Svelte Accessibility: Compiler Warnings, Focus, and Accessible Components
Make Svelte accessible: read the compiler's a11y warnings, write semantic markup, fix focus on SvelteKit navigation, and build WCAG 2.2 components.
Read guide →Divi Accessibility: Fixing the Builder's Most Common WCAG Failures
Fix the Divi accessibility issues that fail WCAG 2.2 AA: heading structure, buttons vs links, form labels, reduced motion, and contrast pitfalls.
Read guide →Accessible Buttons and Links: Buttons vs Links, Icon Names, and Keyboard Behaviour
When to use a button vs a link, how to name icon-only controls, why a div is never a button, and the keyboard behaviour browsers give you for free.
Read guide →Accessible Images: Alt Text, Figures, Charts, and SVG Done Right
How to make images accessible: decide alt text, mark up figures, describe charts and complex graphics, handle SVG, and hide decorative images.
Read guide →Building an Accessible Color Palette That Actually Passes
How to build an accessible color palette: pair text and UI for WCAG contrast, never rely on colour alone, and test combinations in real context.
Read guide →Accessible Search Autocomplete: The ARIA Combobox Pattern Done Right
Build accessible search autocomplete with the ARIA combobox pattern: correct roles, keyboard interaction, result announcements, and labels.
Read guide →Accessible Form Error Messages: WCAG 3.3.1 and the Patterns That Actually Work
Build accessible form error messages with aria-describedby, aria-invalid, error suggestion and focus management. WCAG 3.3.1 patterns with real code.
Read guide →Skip Links and Landmarks: Building Bypass Blocks That Actually Work (WCAG 2.4.1)
Implement skip links and landmarks for WCAG 2.4.1: bypass blocks, header/nav/main/footer roles, focus management, and revealing the link on focus.
Read guide →Accessible Tooltips: Meeting WCAG 1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus
Build accessible tooltips that pass WCAG 1.4.13: dismissible, hoverable, persistent. Learn aria-describedby vs aria-labelledby and avoid hover-only info.
Read guide →Accessible Breadcrumbs: Markup That Conveys the Trail to Assistive Tech
Build accessible breadcrumbs screen readers announce correctly: nav landmark, aria-label, aria-current, separator handling, and WCAG 2.2 mapping for devs.
Read guide →The lang attribute and multilingual pages: getting WCAG 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 right
A developer's guide to the lang attribute, multilingual markup, and per-passage language tagging for WCAG 3.1.1 and 3.1.2, with HTML, React and i18n examples.
Read guide →Text Spacing and Readability: How to Pass WCAG 1.4.12 Without Breaking Your Layout
A practical guide to WCAG 1.4.12 Text Spacing: avoid fixed-height clipping, control line length, and make user spacing overrides work, with CSS examples.
Read guide →Fintech App Accessibility: Authentication, Forms, and Error Prevention Under the EAA
A technical guide to fintech accessibility: accessible authentication (WCAG 3.3.8), error prevention for financial data (3.3.4), and EAA scope.
Read guide →Insurance Website Accessibility: Quote Forms, Documents, and EAA/ADA Compliance
How insurers fix quote forms, policy PDFs, and rate tables for WCAG 2.2 AA, plus what the EAA and ADA require for financial services websites.
Read guide →Accessible Dashboards and Data Visualization: A Build Guide for Product Teams
Build accessible dashboards and data visualization: chart text alternatives, color-independent encoding, keyboard-operable controls, and 4.1.3 status messages.
Read guide →Blog Accessibility: The Five Things That Actually Matter
Make your blog accessible with correct headings, alt text, link text, readable typography, contrast, and accessible embeds. Concrete examples and fixes.
Read guide →Careers Page Accessibility: Why Inclusive Hiring Starts With the Site
Make your careers page accessible: keyboard-friendly application forms, tagged PDFs, error handling, and the WCAG 2.2 success criteria that apply to hiring.
Read guide →Web Accessibility Laws by Country: A Plain-English Map (All Roads Lead to WCAG)
A plain-English map of web accessibility laws by country: EU EAA, US ADA & Section 508, Canada AODA/ACA, and the UK, all anchored to WCAG 2.2 AA.
Read guide →Cognitive Accessibility: A Practical Guide to WCAG 3.2.6 and 3.3.7
A practical guide to cognitive accessibility: plain language, consistent help (WCAG 3.2.6), and reduced memory load via Redundant Entry (3.3.7).
Read guide →How to create an accessible PDF from Word
Create an accessible PDF from Word: use heading styles, alt text, table headers, correct reading order, and export a tagged PDF that passes WCAG checks.
Read guide →The 2026 Accessibility Compliance Checklist: WCAG 2.2 AA, Statements, Monitoring, and EAA Readiness
A practical 2026 accessibility compliance checklist: WCAG 2.2 AA essentials, an accessibility statement, ongoing monitoring, and EAA readiness for site owners.
Read guide →BFSG Germany: What the Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz Means for Businesses Selling in Germany
BFSG Germany explained: who must comply from 28 June 2025, the scope, exemptions, and the WCAG 2.2 AA / EN 301 549 baseline for businesses selling in Germany.
Read guide →RGAA France: The Accessibility Standard Your Site Is Measured Against
RGAA France explained: how the Référentiel maps to WCAG 2.2 and EN 301 549, who must comply, audit conformance rates, and accessibility statement rules.
Read guide →The Stanca Act in Italy: How Legge Stanca and the EAA Apply to Your Business
How the Stanca Act, AgID guidelines, and the EAA shape web accessibility law in Italy, with the WCAG 2.2 / EN 301 549 baseline and statement rules.
Read guide →EAA E-books Accessibility: What Publishers Must Do From 28 June 2025
EAA e-books accessibility explained for publishers: accessible EPUB, reading systems, metadata, and the WCAG 2.2 obligations that apply from 28 June 2025.
Read guide →EAA Self-Service Terminals: ATM Accessibility and Where Digital Meets Physical
What the EAA requires for ATMs and ticketing kiosks: the WCAG 2.2 and EN 301 549 features to build in, and where digital meets physical accessibility.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible Cookie Banner
Build an accessible cookie banner: keyboard operable, no focus traps, screen-reader-friendly. Real buttons, contrast, and WCAG 2.2 detail for devs.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible Video Player (WCAG 1.2.x)
Build an accessible video player that meets WCAG: captions, transcripts, audio description, keyboard-operable labeled controls, and no autoplay with sound.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible File Upload Field
Build an accessible file upload: real labels, keyboard operation, a non-drag alternative for WCAG 2.5.7, plus clear error and status messaging.
Read guide →Building an Accessible Toggle Switch: Roles, Names, and State
Build an accessible toggle switch that works with keyboards and screen readers: the switch role, native checkbox alternative, accessible names, and state.
Read guide →Accessible Pagination: Nav Landmarks, aria-current, and Keyboard Support
Build accessible pagination with a labeled nav landmark, aria-current, clear link text, and keyboard support. Code examples and WCAG 2.2 detail.
Read guide →How to Build an Accessible Mega Menu: Disclosure, Keyboard, and Focus
Build an accessible mega menu with the disclosure pattern, correct keyboard interaction, focus management, and Escape handling. Practical code-level guidance.
Read guide →ARIA Live Regions: Announcing Dynamic Updates Without Moving Focus
A developer's guide to ARIA live regions: aria-live polite vs assertive, role=status and role=alert, and announcing dynamic updates without moving focus.
Read guide →Accessible CAPTCHA and Authentication: Meeting WCAG 3.3.8 Without Cognitive Puzzles
Build an accessible CAPTCHA and pass WCAG 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication: drop puzzle tests, use honeypots, and support password managers and passkeys.
Read guide →Astro Accessibility: Semantic HTML, Islands, and Focus
An Astro accessibility guide: semantic .astro markup, island hydration tradeoffs, focus management with the ClientRouter, and testing for WCAG 2.2 AA.
Read guide →Nuxt Accessibility: Focus, Semantics, and Accessible Components in a Vue SSR App
A practical Nuxt accessibility guide covering route-change focus, the lang attribute via useHead, semantic markup, and accessible components in a Vue SSR app.
Read guide →Gatsby Accessibility: Route Announcements, Focus, and Alt Text Done Right
A practical Gatsby accessibility guide: route announcements, focus management after navigation, gatsby-plugin-image alt text, and semantic page structure.
Read guide →Accessibility Testing in CI: Wiring Up axe-core, Playwright, and Lighthouse
How to set up accessibility testing in CI with axe-core, Playwright, and Lighthouse: gate builds without noise and pair automation with manual checks.
Read guide →WCAG Reflow and Responsive Accessibility: 1.4.10, 1.4.4, and Never Disabling Zoom
A developer's guide to WCAG reflow responsive design: single-column at 320px (1.4.10), resize text to 200% (1.4.4), and why disabling zoom fails AA.
Read guide →Accessible Typography: Font Size, Measure, Spacing, and Contrast That Pass WCAG
Accessible typography for designers: font size, line length, line height and spacing (WCAG 1.4.12), images of text, and contrast ratios that pass WCAG 2.2.
Read guide →Accessibility and SEO: The Overlap Worth Building For
Accessibility and SEO share more than you'd expect. See the concrete wins — semantic headings, alt text, link text, captions, and performance — that lift both.
Read guide →Designing for Screen Readers: How They Navigate and What Breaks the Experience
How screen readers navigate headings, landmarks, and links, plus reading order, accessible names, and the design choices that quietly break the experience.
Read guide →Retail Website Accessibility: A Practical Guide for Fashion and E-Commerce Brands
A practical guide to retail website accessibility for fashion and e-commerce: alt text, size and colour selectors, filters, checkout, and EAA compliance.
Read guide →Media Publishing Accessibility: Articles, Captions, Paywalls and E-Content
Media publishing accessibility done right: article structure, captions, transcripts, alt text, accessible paywalls, and WCAG 2.2-ready e-content.
Read guide →Who Web Accessibility Is For: Disability Types, Assistive Tech, and the WCAG Principles That Serve Them
A practical guide to the types of disabilities web accessibility serves, the assistive tech people use, and the WCAG 2.2 criteria that make sites usable for all.
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